Ma handwheels ni vipangizo vyakovwira chomene pa ntchito zakupambanapambana mu mafakitale ghose. Nangauli ŵakuvigwiliskira nchito comene, kweni pa nchito zakupambanapambana ŵangakhumbikwira matayala gha mawoko ghakupambanapambana comene. Mwaciyelezgero, thayara ilo ŵakugwiliskira nchito pa makina ghakuzirwa comene pa malo ghakofya lingaŵa lakuyana yayi na thayara ilo ŵakugwiliskira nchito pa makina ghacoko ghakusokera pa malo ghambura kusuzga. Mu mazgu ghanyake, nchakuzirwa chomene kusankha chida chakwenelera cha ntchito yiwemi.
Tayala la mawokoNg'anamulo- Mwakudumura, mawilo gha mu mawoko ni vigaŵa vyakulongozgera ivyo vikupangika na matayala agho ghakulaŵilirika na woko. Mawilo gha makina ghakupangika kuti ghasinthe na kukhoma kwizira mu nthowa yakuzungulira ndipo kanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito kuti ŵasinthe mavavu, makina ghakusindikizgirako makina, na vigaŵa vinyake vya makina.
Ŵanthu awo ŵakupanga makina, ŵantchito ŵakupanga makina, awo ŵakunozga makina, na ŵanyake ŵanandi awo ŵakusambira vya tekinoloje ŵakumanya kuti matayala ghakuzirwa ghakupangika na mafakitale ghakuzirwa chomene pa ntchito zinandi. Nchakuzirwa waka yayi kumanya nyengo iyo pakukhumbikwira mzere wa woko, kweni ni mtundu wuli wa mzere uwo ungaŵa wakwenelera comene pa mulimo uwo. Kusankha handwheel yakukwana nkhwakuzirwa comene cifukwa cigaŵa ici cizamukhwaska comene umo vinthu vikwendera makora, umo vikugwilira nchito, ndiposo umo vikuŵira vyakuvikilirika.
Kuti tovwire kusankha makina ghakwenelera, tizamuwona makora:
1.Ntchito za Handwheel, Kukura, Vinthu & Masitayilo
4.Kunozga kwa matayala ya mu mawoko: Mabowo, Nthowa zakuzirwa na Kufumiska
6.Miyezo ya Handwheel na Ŵakupanga
Ntchito za Handwheel, Kukura, Vinthu & Masitayilo
Chilato cha handwheel nkhufiska ntchito panji ntchito iyo munthu wakukhumba, ndipo milimo iyi yikupambana kuyana na umo munthu wakugwiliskira ntchito. Ntchito ziŵiri izo zikuchitika chomene pa makina ghakuŵikamo mawoko ni kusintha mavavu na kusintha makina. Kusintha kwa vavu kukusazgapo kwenda kwa mawoko kuti vavu yijulike panji kujalika, iyo yikulaŵilira umo vinthu vikuchitira (maji panji mphepo). Kusintha kwa makina kukusazgapo kusunkhunya matayala gha mu mawoko kuti ŵasinthe panji kusintha vinthu mwakukwana.
Na kusintha uku mu ntchito yakukhumbikwa, pali vinandi vyakupambanapambana .masaizi, vyakugwiliskira ntchito, ndipomasitayiloya matayala ya mawoko kuti yiŵe yakukwana na pulogiramu yiliyose.
Kukura kwa matayala ya mawoko
Mawilo gha mu mawoko gha diamita yichoko: Ŵakugwiriskira ncito pa vinthu ivyo vikukhumbikwira nkhongono zicoko comene ndipo kanandi ŵakuvilongozga na vyara panji na woko limoza. Mawilo ghachoko gha mu mawoko ghakupangika na vinthu vyambura kulemera chomene nga ni pulasitiki.
Mawilo ya Mawoko ya Diamita Yikuru: Kugwiriskira ncito mu mapulogiramu agho ghakukhumbikwira nkhongono zikuru. Mawilo ghakuru gha mu mawoko ghakupangika na chinthu chakukhora chomene nga ni chisulo.
Vinthu vyakupangira matayala
Chisulo ma handwheels ni chisankho chiwemi pa ntchito izo zikukhumba nkhongono zapachanya na kukhalilira. Iwo ŵakulimbana na kuvunda ndipo ŵakusangika mu chrome na vinyake vyakumalizga, kweni ŵakuŵa ŵakuzirwa usange kulemera ndiko nkhwakuzirwa.
Aluminiyamumatayala ya mu mawoko ghakuŵa ghapepuka kuluska ghawo ghakupangika na chisulo ndipo ghakulimbana na oxidation (dzimbiri). Usange magesi panji kutentha kukukhumbikwa, aluminiyamu wangaŵa chisankho chiwemi.
Pulasitiki matayala ya mu mawoko ghakukhalilira nyengo yitali ndipo ghangatondeka kukhwaskika na vinthu vyakusungunura, mafuta, mafuta, na makemikolo ghanyake. Nthowa zakuwumba zingaŵa zakukolera na zingwe izo zikovwira kuti munthu uyo wakugwira ntchito waŵe na nkhongono na kugwira ntchito makora nanga wangaŵa kuti wavwara magulovu. Mapulasitiki kanandi ghakuŵa na mitundu yinandi na vyakusankha vyakupangika pakuyaniska na visulo.
Pulasitikimatayala ya mawoko ghakusazgapo galasi- panji nylon-fiber yakukhozga kuti yiŵe yankhongono na kukhalilira.
Chitsulo chambura zimbirihandwheels zingaŵa zakovwira chomene pa ntchito izo zikukhumbikwira kuti zileke kuŵa na alkali na makemikolo ghanyake. Kusintha kwa kuponya kungaŵa vyakukolera vyakuzungulira, vyakukolera, na vinyake vyakupangika.
Chisuloma handwheels, nangauli ghakukhozga yayi dzimbiri - kuluska vitsulo vyambura zimbiri, ghangaŵa ghawemi ghapachanya - nkhongono na ghapachanya - visankho vyakupanikizgika.
Masitayilo gha Mawoko
Vinthu vinandi ivyo tikwenera kughanaghanirapo ni vyakuzirwa para tikuyaniska mitundu yakupambanapambana ya masitayilo gha matayala gha mu mawoko. Vinthu ivi vikusazgapo, kweni vikumara yayi pa; kukula kwa ntchito, nkhongono zakugwiriskirika nchito, ngodya ya nthowa, vyakukhumbikwa vya ukhondo, kawonekero kakutowa, na vinyake.
Wakayowoya matayala ya mu mawoko kanandi ghakuŵa ghapepuka kuluska matayala ya mu mawoko ghakukhozga, ghakuphapha-diski ndipo ghangakwaniska kugwira ntchito zakukhumbikwa za torque yikuru chomenechomene mu masaizi ghakuru. Pakuti ma spokes ni mapangidwe ghakujulika, ghangawoneka kuti ghangaŵa malo ghakukhozga usange ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa chivikiriro ni vyakukhozga.
Pakunyorokama handwheels ni vinthu vyakukhora ivyo vingagwira ntchito nga ni knob panji crank padera pa thayara.
Kuphikama handwheels ghakuchemeka nthena chifukwa chakuti diameter yakuwalo yikusinthika kuti yigwirenge ntchito panji kuti yiwoneke makora. Vingaŵa vyakuyowoyeka panji vyakukhora.
Clutch yakuvikilirikama handwheel ghakusazgapo nthowa ya clutch iyo yikupangiska kuti handwheel yileke kuzungulira na mandrel apo makina ghakugwira ntchito, ndipo ivi vikuvikilira uyo wakugwiliskira ntchito. Kulingana na umo ŵali kupangira, kukankhira mzere ku mandrel (panji kukoka mzere) kukufwatura clutch kuti yisinthe vinthu.
EMW na IR vikuyowoya chimozama handwheels ghali na malo ghakuwoneka nga ni U- ghakujulika kuti ghafike pa axial na kuvikilira minwe kuti yileke kusunkhunyika.
Kugwira vs Palije Kugwira Mathayara
Mapulogalamu ghanyake ghakukhumbikwira chakukolera cha woko kwambura chakukolera para steering wheel yikwenda chomene, apo nyengo zapachanya-torque zingakhumbikwira chakukolera kuti zigwirenge ntchito mwambura kusuzga. Vinthu ivyo vikukolera vingaŵa vya visulo panji vya pulasitiki, vyakuzungulira panji vyambura kuzungulira, vyakupangika na makina panji vyakusindikizga-vyakukwana, ndipo vingapangika kuti vikolerane makora na mawoko panji magulovu ghambura kanthu. Kughanaghanira kwa ergonomic uko kukwenera kukumbukika nkhwakuti chakukolera mwachilengedwe chikuwoneka ndipo chingalongosoreka kuti ntchakuwofya mu malo ghanyake. Nthowa yimoza yakumazgira suzgo ili njakupindika panji "kuvikilira", iyo yikupindika mu thupi la handwheel para yagwiriskirika ncito. Pansi apa tikudumbiskana mitundu ya masitayilo ghakukolera agho ghalipo na kupereka fundo zakovwira pa chilichose:
Yayi-Mawilo gha mu mawoko: Ntchiwemi chomene pa ntchito izo zikukhumbikwira kuti munthu wasunkhunye nga ni steering wheel.
Pindani-Kutali na Mawilo ya Mawoko:Pali mitundu yiŵiri yikuru ya vyakukolera vyakupindika-kutali, vyakujiyimira paŵekha na vyakulembeka.
Kupindika kwakujiyimira paŵekha-kutaliŵakujalirika mu malo ghawo para uyo wakugwiliskira ntchito wakuyikokera pachanya na kukankhira axially ku handwheel. Para opareshoni wamalizga na kugwiliskira nchito, chakukolera chikujulika ndipo chizamuwelera ku dongo.
Mabuku ghakupindika-kutali na vyakukolera ŵakugwiliskira nchito mwa kukokera pachanya pa chakukolera kuti ŵachijalire mu malo ghake na kukankhira chakukoleraso mu dongo para ŵamara.
Mawilo ya Mawoko Yakuzungulira:Ntchiwemi ku mawilo ghachokoghachoko gha mu mawoko apo kulaŵilira kukukhumbikwa ndipo torque yikukhumbikwa yichoko.
Mawilo ya Mawoko Ghakukolera Zala: Mawilo agha ghali na mphonje zakukhotakhota pa mphepete za kuwaro panji za mukati ndipo ghakugwiriskira ncito kuti ghalongozgeke comene na kukhozga. Kanandi ŵakusangika na chakukolera ndiposo kwambura chakukolera.
Masitayilo gha Hub
Pakuti kanandi matayala ya mu mawoko ghakuzgoŵera ku vigaŵa vyose viŵiri, para ghakulinganizgika makora kukupangiska kuti ghaŵikike pa shaft ndipo ghakuzgoŵera na hub yake ya pakati. Para mukusankha matayala gha mu mawoko nchakuzirwa kukumbuka kuti matayala gha mu mawoko ghangakhumbikwira kufumiskikapo na kuŵikikaso-para mukunozga makina. Ma hub ghanyake ghakukanizgika pa shaft splines, ghanyake ghakuŵikika na ulusi kuti ghaŵikike pa malo ghake, ndipo ghanyake ghangaŵikika pa weld. Hub ya handwheel yakusankhika ndiyo yikusintha chomene para mukusankha handwheel kuti muwovwire makina ghakupambanapambana. Masitayilo gha Hub ghakusazgapo:
Sikweya Hub Mathayara
Hex Hub Tayala la Mawoko
Hafu-kuzungulira Hub Tayara
Sikuruwu Seti Hub Tayara
Kunozga kwa Handwheel: Mabowo, Ma Keyways na Broaching
Bores
Bore ni mbuna iyo yikusangika pakati pa thayara la woko. Mwachikhaliro mabowo ni mbuna yipusu iyo yikujumpha mwakunyoloka mu handwheel. Mabowo ghakuboola ghakupangika mu nthowa zinandi mwakuti ŵazomerezge kuti matayala gha mu mawoko ghafumisgikepo, na kuŵikika, umo vikukhumbikwira pa ntchito zakupambanapambana. Mawilo gha mu mawoko ghakwenera kuŵa ghakukwaniska kuwuskikapo, kweni ghakweneraso kujalirika kuti ghatembenuke makora. Tili kuŵikamo mapangidwe ghakumanyikwa gha bore musi umu:
Bore ya makona 6 na sikiru
Hafu ya shaft ya square na sikiru
Shaft yakukhota iyo yili na baluti yakujalira
Shaft ya ulusi na baluti yakujalira
Dinikani shaft yakukwana
Shafu yakugaŵikana
Keyway wakukwana shaft
Nthowa zakuzirwa
Kupanga makina gha keyway, panji kuŵa na keyways zakusazgapo pa matayala ghinu gha mu mawoko, kungaŵa chinthu chakovwira chomene. Mu uinjiniya wa makina, kiyi wakukoleska chigaŵa cha makina ghakuzungulira na shaft. Kiyi wakukanizga kuzungulira kwakuyana pakati pa vigaŵa viŵiri ndipo wakupangiska kuti torque yipelekeke. Kuti kiyi wagwirenge ntchito, chigaŵa cha shaft na cha makina ghakuzungulira chikwenera kuŵa na chingwe cha kiyi na mpando wa kiyi, uwo ni malo na thumba ilo kiyi wakunjiramo. Mwakudumura, thayara la woko likuŵikika pa shaft, ndipo kiyi wakukankhizgika mu malo ghake kuti lijalike pa malo ghake. Taŵikamo mitundu yakumanyikwa ya keyway musi umu:
Dzenje lakuboweka
Dzenje lakuboweka na keyway
Dzenje lakubowoleka na dzenje la setscrew pa keyway
Dzenje lakuboweka na dzenje la setscrew
Dzenje lakubowoleka na mabowo ghaŵiri ghakuŵikamo vingwe pa madigiri 90
Kupharazga
Kudumula kwa matayala ya mawoko kukugwiriskirika nchito chomene pakudumura vingwe vya mukati vya square- vyakukhozga. Broach, bushing na chilongozgo chinyake vikugwiriskirika nchito pa chigaŵa chilichose cha keyway cross-, icho chikupangiska kuti ndondomeko iyi yiŵe yakudura chomene kuluska nthowa zinandi, nga nkhugaya. Ndipouli, lingapanga keyway yakukwana comene pa ndondomeko zose.
MANYANI: Muzamusanga kuti ŵanandi awo ŵakupanga ma handwheel ŵakutumizga vinthu vyawo ivyo vindamalizgike kuti ŵamakasitomala ŵajipangire makina panji kupenja nthowa zinyake zakusinthira, ivyo vingakhwaska mtundu na umo vikugwilira ntchito ndiposo kusazgirako mtengo.
Chitsulo cha ku HangzhouKupereka kuzamugwira ntchito namwe kuti muwoneseske kuti chinthu chiwemi chomene pa ivyo mukukhumba, ivi vikusazgapo kupereka makina ghanyake, kuboola, kukhoma, kuumba, na vyakusankha vyakumalizga.
Vinthu vyakuyana na vinyake
Kanandi, vigaŵa vinyake vikukhumbikwa kuti viŵe vyakuvikilirika, vyakugwira ntchito makora ndiposo vyambura kusuzga kugwiliskira ntchito.
Maberingipakati pa handwheel na shaft yake ingapereka kwenda kwakusalala na kupereka kukhazikika kwakusazgikira na kulaŵilira.
Vimanyikwiro vya malokuŵa na magiya ghakuyendeskeka na shaft iyo yingalongozga mtunda pakati pa ma roller, kujura na kujala mavavu ndiposo vinyake kupenda na kuwoneseska rotary-motion applications.
Mphete zakumalizga masambirolingaŵikika pa matayala ya mawoko kuti lilongore malo ghakwenelera. Malo ghanyake-ghakulongora matayala gha mu mawoko ghali na ma dials panji nkhope zinyake kuti ghalongore makora malo gha shaft yakulongozgera na kupangiska uyo wakugwira ntchito kuti wawelere ku malo agha kwambura kughanaghana.
Mabokosi gha Cranklikusazgikira ku thayara la woko likupangiska kuti thayara lizungulirenge mwaluŵiro. Ichi nchifukwa chakuti nkhongono izo zikugwiriskirika nchito zikusazgikira.
Kukolera
Makiyi ghakuyana waka
Miyezo ya Handwheel na Ŵakupanga
Kulingana na ivyo mukupempha (na malo ghinu), malango gha mafakitale ghalipo ghakukhwaskana na umo matayala ya mu mawoko ghakupangikira na kugwilira ntchito ndipo ghangapeleka uthenga wakukhumbikwa comene:
TheBungwe la America lakusambizga vya malango (ANSI)wakukhazikiska na kupereka malango gha mafakitale ku US. Vinandi mwa ivi vikukhwaskana na chivikiliro-, chomenechomene apo pali vimanyikwiro na vimanyikwiro vyakukhwaskana na vyakulongozga vya mawoko na makina.
MIL H-9859ni ndondomeko ya ŵasilikari iyo yikukhwaska matayala gha malonda gha masentimita ghatatu panji ghakuru, ghakupangika kuti ghapeleke nkhongono za mawoko ku shaft. Iwo ukugwira ntchito pakupanga makontrakitala gha Dipatimenti Yakuvikilira (DOD) na madipatimenti ghake ghose na mabungwe.
GOSTlikuyowoya za ndondomeko ya vipimo vyaukadaulo ivyo vikusungika na Euro-Asian Council for Stadrization, Metrology na Certification (EASC), wupu wa vipimo vya chigaŵa uwo ukugwira ntchito pasi pa wovwiri wa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). GOST 31.0101.01 yikusazgapo vimanyikwiro vyakumanyikwa vya matayala gha mu mawoko pamoza na vingwe vyakukhozga na vyakukolera. GOST 21752 yikulongosora ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa ergonomic ya matayala ya mawoko.
SP-91-2009ni fundo iyo yikapelekeka na wupu uwo ukupanga mavavu na vinthu vinyake ivyo vikupangika na mavavu uwo uli ku Vienna, Virginia, wakukhwaskana na malango ghakukhwaskana na umo mavavu ghangagwilira ntchito na mawoko. Nchakuzirwa pakuyezga mawilo gha mu mawoko kuti vavu yigwirenge ntchito.
TheVinthu vya ŵanthu na wupu wa Ergonomics (HFES)(hfes.org) ni buku lakukwana la ergonomics na vinthu vya ŵanthu nga ni nkhongono za munthu, umo munthu wangafikira, nkhongono izo wakugwiliskira ntchito, na nkhani zinyake izo zikukhwaskana na ŵanthu ndiposo nanga ni umo vipangizo vikugwilira ntchito.
TheBoma la Chivikiliro na Umoyo pa Ntchito (OSHA)ni nthambi ya Dipatimenti ya Ntchito ya ku United States. Vinthu vinandi ivyo vikukhwaskana na umo makina ghakupangikira mu mafakitale vingasangika kufuma ku wupu uwu.
Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa chomene awo ŵakupanga matayala ya mawoko mu charu ichi na pa charu chose ŵakusazgapo .Hangzhou Xiaoshan Chugye Kupanga Vitsulo Co., Ltd.,Elesa, Mafakitale gha Flair, J. W. Winco, Jergens, Kipp, na Valtra.
